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Words of Faith - 24/07/94
Some
of the earliest verses of the Qur'an to be revealed deal with a
subject that is central to most people's lives, the acquisition of
wealth, and how to spend it.
[ From the Qur'an, the chapter
called The Night, vv
1-21 ]
By the night enshrouding, and
the day in splendour and That which created the male and the female,
surely your striving is to diverse ends. As for him who gives, and
is godfearing, and confirms the reward most fair, We will surely
ease him to ultimate Ease. But as for him who is a miser,
self-sufficient, crying lies to the reward most fair, We shall
surely ease him to ultimate Hardship. His wealth will not avail him
when he sinks into his grave. Surely upon Us rests the guidance, and
to Us belong the Last and the First.
Now I have warned you of a Fire
that blazes, which none must endure but the hapless wretch who cried
lies to the Truth and turned away; but from which the godfearing
shall be removed, he who spends his wealth to grow in purity, not as
payment for favours received, only seeking the Face of his Lord the
Most High; and he will surely be satisfied.
"Of
course, you'll have to learn to kick the beggars", my friend
said, when he discovered that I was to travel through South East
Asia, to which, in horrified disbelief, I reacted with vehement
denial. After all, we like to think that such behaviour just isn't
British.
We
may also have people begging on our streets, but we know that they
can usually be ignored, slightly quickening the pace while looking
intently straight ahead, or perhaps even crossing the road to avoid
the confrontation. We know how to pretend that the poor and hungry
are not there. In Britain, I am far from rich, yet compared to those
sleeping on the streets of Delhi (or a thousand other places) I
clearly was, even if the difference was not as great as they
presumed.
But
thousands of miles away from home, drifting on a sea of culture
shock, interpreting people's behaviour, and predicting your own,
becomes much more difficult. So I remember on one occasion trying to
run for a bus with a more than usually aggressive beggar fiercely
clinging to my leg, when my friend's words came true and I could
hear him laughing at me from a continent away.
Our
response to beggars also depends on our feeling that we can
distinguish them from thieves, and that applies in the rich parts of
the world as much as the poor. Perhaps even more so, for the man
asking you for money on a street in New York may well have had
enough spare change to have bought himself a gun. And there lies the
crux of the matter, because if we don't find an acceptable way of
transferring money from the rich to the poor, they will surely
decide to take it for themselves.
The
problem is defining how much to give, and who is rich and who is
poor. Some things that benefit mankind require wealth to be gathered
and invested, while mankind also requires a certain essential
minimum of distribution. We have to find the balance between giving
and using wealth, and when we look to the Prophet's community we can
see how this was expressed in principle as well as defined as a
legal requirement.
The
redistribution of wealth is so important that it is considered a
religious duty, and each year a small percentage of a muslim's
wealth must be given to purify what remains. But that is a minimum,
and Qur'an makes it clear that it is the giver who should be the
more grateful in the situation. It is the giving, not the receiving,
that brings the greater reward.
So
the Companions of the Prophet vied with each other in works of
charity, and the Prophet, the unchallenged leader of his community,
gave to whoever asked, even though it meant that he frequently went
hungry, being penniless himself. At the end, he had only a few small
coins which he gave away in the hours before he died. He knew that
you can't take it with you, and the wealth of this world is as
nothing compared to the rewards of the hereafter.
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